gov.sandia.cognition.statistics.method

Class InverseTransformSampling

java.lang.Object

gov.sandia.cognition.statistics.method.InverseTransformSampling

@PublicationReference(author="Wikipedia",
                      title="Inverse transform sampling",
                      type=WebPage,
                      year=2008,
                      url="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_transform_sampling")
public class InverseTransformSampling
extends java.lang.Object

Inverse transform sampling is a method by which one can sample from an arbitrary distribution using only a uniform random-number generator and the ability to empirically invert the CDF. This allows us to convert Java's random-number generator (Random) into a Beta Distribution, Gamma distribution, or any other scalar distribution. It does, however, tend to require several function evaluations to invert the CDF and is typically fairly costly rather than those distributions that can be inverted algebraically.

Since:

3.0

Author:

Kevin R. Dixon

Field Summary

Fields

Modifier and Type	Field and Description
static RootFinder	DEFAULT_ROOT_FINDER Default root finding method for the algorithm, RootFinderRiddersMethod.
static double	DEFAULT_TOLERANCE Tolerance for Newton's method, 1.0E-10.
static int	FUNCTION_EVALUATIONS Number of function evaluations needed to invert the distribution.

Constructor Summary

Constructors

Constructor and Description
InverseTransformSampling()

Method Summary

Modifier and Type	Method and Description
protected static InputOutputPair<java.lang.Double,java.lang.Double>	initializeNewtonsMethod(SmoothCumulativeDistributionFunction cdf, double p, double tolerance) Initializes Newton's method for inverse transform sampling.
static <NumberType extends java.lang.Number> InputOutputPair<NumberType,java.lang.Double>	inverse(CumulativeDistributionFunction<NumberType> cdf, double p) Inverts the given CDF, finding the value of "x" so that CDF(x)=p using a root-finding algorithm.
static InputOutputPair<java.lang.Double,java.lang.Double>	inverseNewtonsMethod(SmoothUnivariateDistribution distribution, double p, double tolerance) Inverts the given CDF, finding the value of "x" so that CDF(x)=p using a root-finding algorithm.
static InputOutputPair<java.lang.Double,java.lang.Double>	inverseRootFinder(RootFinder rootFinder, CumulativeDistributionFunction<java.lang.Double> cdf, double p) Inverts the given CDF, finding the value of "x" so that CDF(x)=p using a root-finding algorithm.
static java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Double>	sample(CumulativeDistributionFunction<java.lang.Double> cdf, java.util.Random random, int numSamples) Samples from the given CDF using the inverseRootFinder transform sampling method.
static void	sampleInto(CumulativeDistributionFunction<java.lang.Double> cdf, java.util.Random random, int numSamples, java.util.Collection<? super java.lang.Double> output) Samples from the given CDF using the inverseRootFinder transform sampling method.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, equals, finalize, getClass, hashCode, notify, notifyAll, toString, wait, wait, wait

Field Detail

DEFAULT_ROOT_FINDER

public static final RootFinder DEFAULT_ROOT_FINDER

Default root finding method for the algorithm, RootFinderRiddersMethod.

DEFAULT_TOLERANCE

public static final double DEFAULT_TOLERANCE

Tolerance for Newton's method, 1.0E-10.

See Also:

Constant Field Values

FUNCTION_EVALUATIONS

public static int FUNCTION_EVALUATIONS

Number of function evaluations needed to invert the distribution.

Constructor Detail

InverseTransformSampling

public InverseTransformSampling()

Method Detail

sample

public static java.util.ArrayList<java.lang.Double> sample(CumulativeDistributionFunction<java.lang.Double> cdf,
                                                           java.util.Random random,
                                                           int numSamples)

Samples from the given CDF using the inverseRootFinder transform sampling method.

Parameters:

cdf - CDF from which to sample.

random - Random number generator.

numSamples - Number of samples to draw from the CDF.

Returns:

Samples draw according to the given CDF.

sampleInto

public static void sampleInto(CumulativeDistributionFunction<java.lang.Double> cdf,
                              java.util.Random random,
                              int numSamples,
                              java.util.Collection<? super java.lang.Double> output)

Samples from the given CDF using the inverseRootFinder transform sampling method.

Parameters:

cdf - CDF from which to sample.

random - Random number generator.

numSamples - Number of samples to draw from the CDF.

output - Collection to put samples drawn according to the given CDF.

inverse

public static <NumberType extends java.lang.Number> InputOutputPair<NumberType,java.lang.Double> inverse(CumulativeDistributionFunction<NumberType> cdf,
                                                                                                         double p)

Inverts the given CDF, finding the value of "x" so that CDF(x)=p using a root-finding algorithm.

Type Parameters:

NumberType - Type of number observation.

Parameters:

cdf - CDF to invert

p - Probability, [0,1].

Returns:

Root of the CDF.

inverseRootFinder

public static InputOutputPair<java.lang.Double,java.lang.Double> inverseRootFinder(RootFinder rootFinder,
                                                                                   CumulativeDistributionFunction<java.lang.Double> cdf,
                                                                                   double p)

Inverts the given CDF, finding the value of "x" so that CDF(x)=p using a root-finding algorithm.

Parameters:

rootFinder - Root-finding algorithm to use.

cdf - CDF to invert

p - Probability, [0,1].

Returns:

Root of the CDF.

inverseNewtonsMethod

public static InputOutputPair<java.lang.Double,java.lang.Double> inverseNewtonsMethod(SmoothUnivariateDistribution distribution,
                                                                                      double p,
                                                                                      double tolerance)

Inverts the given CDF, finding the value of "x" so that CDF(x)=p using a root-finding algorithm.

Parameters:

distribution - Distribution to invert

p - Probability, [0,1].

tolerance - Tolerance below which we stop.

Returns:

Root of the CDF.

initializeNewtonsMethod

protected static InputOutputPair<java.lang.Double,java.lang.Double> initializeNewtonsMethod(SmoothCumulativeDistributionFunction cdf,
                                                                                            double p,
                                                                                            double tolerance)

Initializes Newton's method for inverse transform sampling.

Parameters:

cdf - CDF to invert.

p - Target value to invert, that is to find "x" such that p=cdf(x).

tolerance - Tolerance before stopping.

Returns:

Estimated (xhat,phat) to initialize Newton's method.